THE GRAND LODGE
OF UKRAINE

A statesman, diplomat, philosopher, builder of the American democratic system, participant in the American Revolution, the 3rd President of the United States, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Chairman of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence, a national hero of the United States, and a Freemason.

He was the founder of the University of Virginia and the Library of Congress, and the architect of the Virginia State Capitol.

One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, a statesman, diplomat, scientist, writer, journalist, and Freemason. One of the leaders of the American War of Independence and a designer of the Great Seal of the United States.

A significant figure in the history of physics (discoveries in the field of electricity; he introduced the "+" and "-" notations for electrically charged states; he proposed a design for the lightning rod; he put forward the idea of an electric motor), and the author of the idea of the American nation.

A politician and statesman, the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 to 1945, representing the Democratic Party, and a Freemason. The only President of the United States to be elected to more than two terms.

He is considered one of the most outstanding political figures in the history of the United States.

An American writer, a Freemason of the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, a reformer of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdiction.

In 1850 he was initiated into Freemasonry in the lodge "Eastern Star" No. 2; between 1850 and 1853 he received the 10 degrees of the York Rite and the 29 degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite; and in 1859 he was elected Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdiction in 1859.

A German philosopher and a representative of German classical philosophy. From 1794 he worked as a professor at the University of Jena.

He took part as a volunteer in the anti-Napoleonic war and in 1814 died of illness in a military hospital. Fichte considered the principal problem of ethics to be the contradiction between necessity and freedom, and he saw in freedom not a causeless act but an action grounded in the knowledge of necessity.

A descendant of the Polonized Ruthenian nobility, a Polish military and political figure, a participant in the American Revolution, and a Freemason. He is considered a national hero of Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, and the United States, and an honorary citizen of France.

During the American War of Independence he attained the rank of brigadier general.

A British politician and statesman of the 20th century, and a Freemason. From 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 he was Prime Minister of Great Britain.

From 1900 to 1964 (with the exception of 1922-24) he was a member of parliament. For the greater part of his political career he belonged to the ranks of the Conservative Party (from 1940 to 1955 he was its leader).

An American statesman, the first President of the United States (1789-97), a Founding Father of the United States, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, a participant in the War of Independence of the North American states, the creator of the American institution of the presidency, General of the Armies of the United States, and a national hero of the country.

King of Prussia in the era of enlightened absolutism, of the House of Hohenzollern, an admirer of the fine arts, philosophy, and music, who wrote the work "Anti-Machiavel." In 1738 he became a Freemason.

In 1740 Frederick became king. He carried out reforms: he abolished censorship, all religions were granted equal rights, he introduced open public legal proceedings, developed the Prussian economy, and strengthened statehood.

King of Sweden from 1771. His contemporaries called the period of his reign the "century of enlightenment."

He enacted laws on freedom of speech and religion, and founded the Royal Opera, the Swedish Academy, and the Royal Theatre.

He headed Freemasonry of the Swedish Rite.

An outstanding German poet, writer, philosopher, and scholar. He was initiated into Freemasonry in 1780 in the Weimar lodge "Amalia," and in 1782 he was raised to the degree of master.

He wrote a great many poems and Masonic hymns. One of the members of the lodge, Otto Caspari, wrote that even in old age Goethe "remained the intellectual center of the 'Amalia' lodge."

An outstanding Austrian composer, conductor, and organist, the author of more than 600 musical works. He was born in Salzburg.

He entered the Masonic Order in 1784 in Vienna in the lodge "Beneficence," and in 1785 he was initiated into the second degree of the lodge "True Concord," where he soon became a master.

A leader of the struggle for the independence of the Spanish colonies in South America. He liberated Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador from Spanish rule.

He was born in Caracas. He was initiated into the Freemasons in 1804 in Cádiz (Spain). He took an active part in the Masonic life of Cádiz and Paris, where he was a member of the lodge "Saint Alexander of Scotland."

A national hero of Italy, a revolutionary, a military commander, one of the leaders of the Risorgimento — the national liberation movement in Italy — a parliamentarian, a writer, and a fighter for the independence of the American republics. He was born in Nice.

In his youth he was a Carbonaro. He was initiated into the Freemasons in 1844 in Brazil in the lodge "Asylum of Valor," later transferring to the lodge "Friends of the Fatherland" in Uruguay.

An English writer and poet. He spent his youth mostly in India, which became the exotic backdrop for his most famous works: the novel "Kim" and the stories of "The Jungle Book."

In 1907 he became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. He joined the Freemasons in 1886. He underwent his initiation in the lodge "Hope and Perseverance" No. 782 in Lahore, India.

The renowned Scottish poet. In 1781 he was raised to Master in the Lodge "Saint David" No. 133. Burns's "Masonic Song" is sung throughout the world, as he bequeathed, with hands joined together.

In his poems he reminded the Brethren of the necessity of upholding the Masonic ideals within the Lodge and beyond its walls.

An outstanding Turkish statesman and political figure, a revolutionary, and a general; the "founding father" of the republic, the first President of Turkey from 1923 until his death in 1938; the leader of the Turkish War of Independence.

He achieved the elimination of the sultan's government and the occupation regime, prevented the partition of the empire, and created a new republican state founded on nationalism ("sovereignty of the nation").